Nanoarrays
Scientists have developed a new type of protein array for studying interactions between proteins and other molecules on an extremely small scale. Size is what sets these arrays apart—they are built on a nano-scale (one nanometer equals one-billionth of a meter). The arrays are coated surfaces containing proteins that can be exposed to other proteins and structures in order to study their interactions.
The method used to create the protein nanoarrays is called dip-pen lithography. This technique involves using an instrument to modify the surface of the arrays, which is a type of gold film. The dip-pen lithography allows researchers to create high-resolution patterns on the surface, thereby giving the arrays their sensitivity.
In a related study, Mirkin and two colleagues at Northwestern's Institute for Nanotechnology developed a new method of detecting small amounts of DNA in a solution. The method relies on an electrical current to indicate the presence of complementary strands of DNA. When complementary DNA strands bind, gold nanoparticles form a bridge that conducts an electric signal. A photographic solution containing silver can be added to further amplify the signal.
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